Lab Equipment for Teaching Physics

Features

• High performance

• Simple structure, stable and reliable

• Affordable

  
  

Introduction

The universal gas constant (R) and gas density are key quantities in the study of thermodynamics and molecular physics. Accurate measurement of these properties is fundamental for understanding the behavior of gases and their application in various scientific fields. The LETI-15 Apparatus is specifically designed to measure the density of air and the universal gas constant, using a vacuuming method to obtain precise and reliable experimental data.

This apparatus offers several advantages for educational use:

- Small Size and Convenient Operation: The design allows for easy handling and use in physics laboratories, while maintaining high levels of accuracy.

- Durable Structure: Built to last, this apparatus ensures long-term reliability.

- High Accuracy: The experimental error in air density is around 1%, and the error in measuring the universal gas constant is approximately 3%, ensuring that the results are consistent and dependable.

Key Features and Innovations:

1. Large Volume Gravity Bottle (1 Liter): The relatively large size of the gravity bottle helps make the experimental phenomena more noticeable. The bottle’s volume can be directly calculated using measurements of its outer diameter, height, and wall thickness with a caliper.

2. High-Precision Vacuum Meter: The apparatus is equipped with a high-precision vacuum gauge for direct reading of the vacuum degree, eliminating the need for expensive thermal coupling vacuum gauges.

3. Natural Air Leakage Phenomenon: By utilizing the natural slow air leakage at the junctions, the internal pressure can be adjusted without the need for a vacuum needle valve, reducing the need for tight air seals.

4. Convenient Measurement with Electronic Balance: A physical electronic balance measures the change in gas mass, offering both convenience and sufficient accuracy for basic physics experiments at a lower cost than an electronic analysis balance.

The LETI-15 Apparatus allows students to conduct the following experiments:

1. Measurement of Air Density:

   - Method: Using the vacuuming method, students can measure the density of ambient air. The data is then converted to the standard value of dry air under standard conditions (0°C, 1 standard atmospheric pressure).

   - Objective: Compare the experimental value with the theoretical value of air density at standard conditions.

2. Measurement of the Universal Gas Constant:

   - Method: Using the ideal gas law, students can derive the expression for the universal gas constant under variable pressure. By reducing the pressure step-by-step, students measure the total mass of air and container (m1) at different pressures (P').

   - Objective: Plot the relationship between pressure and mass, then apply curve fitting to acquire the universal gas constant (R). The calculated value can be compared with the theoretical value of R.

The LETI-15 Apparatus provides valuable insights into the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, particularly gas behavior and the ideal gas law. Students will:

- Learn to Measure Air Density: Gain hands-on experience in measuring the density of air and understanding the methods used to convert raw data into meaningful results.

- Understand the Universal Gas Constant: Study the derivation of the universal gas constant through experimental methods, gaining a practical understanding of how variables like pressure and volume influence gas properties.

- Explore the Ideal Gas Law: This apparatus offers students the opportunity to directly observe and manipulate the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature in gases.

The instruction manual of LETI-15 Apparatus includes:

- Experimental Configurations: Detailed setup instructions for assembling and operating the apparatus.

- Step-by-Step Instructions: A guide through each phase of the experiment, ensuring that students understand the process and can reproduce the results accurately.

- Theoretical Insights: A clear explanation of the principles behind the experiments, including the derivation of the universal gas constant and the methods used for determining air density.

- Example Results: Sample experimental results to help students compare their findings and understand data analysis techniques.

For additional details on experimental theory, setup, and application of the LETI-15 Apparatus, refer to the  Experiment Theory and Contents. This apparatus provides an engaging and informative way for students to explore gas laws and the behavior of air in a controlled experimental setting.

Key Specifications

Part List